Researchers from Dubai-based Mohammad Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU) have shown the effectiveness of saliva as an alternative to the nasal swab for COVID-19 screening.

The study, a first in the UAE and region, was a collaborative effort between the public and private sectors and academia. The research team from MBRU were joined by teams from Dubai Health Authority (DHA); Unilabs; Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi; New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD); and the National Reference Laboratory.

What did the results show?

The team took saliva and nasal swabs from 401 adults present for COVID-19 screening at Al Khawaneej Health Centre, 50 per cent of whom were asymptomatic. The samples were tested for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus at Unilabs Dubai.

The findings of the study showed that the saliva can be used for viral detection with 70 per cent sensitivity and 95 per cent specificity, proving to be just as effective as the nasal swab.

The study and its findings will be published in the peer-reviewed journal Infection and Drug Resistance.

Professor Abiola Senok, lead investigator of the study and professor of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, MBRU, praised the cross-sector collaboration of the study — one of the first research project to receive approval from the Emirates Institutional Review Board for COVID-19 Research.

“Previous studies on the use of saliva for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR have largely been among COVID-19 inpatients and symptomatic ambulatory patients with limited work in a community-based screening setting. This study has shown good diagnostic accuracy for saliva and the feasibility for its utilisation as a potential specimen of choice in community settings and population-based screening,” said Prof Senok.

What are the advantages of saliva test?

Use of saliva could exponentially widen the testing network for COVID-19, simplify community testing, and reduce the risk to front line health care professionals. The saliva specimen was self-collected into sterile containers by the patients without requiring the presence of a health care professional and did not require the use of preservative transport media while in transit to the laboratory.

Dr Hanan AlSuwaidi, co-lead investigator of the study and assistant professor of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, MBRU, said another advantage of employing saliva testing is that it would reduce the strain on critical health equipment and eliminate the need for the use of preservatives and pointed towards being a cost-efficient method of mass-testing.

“With everyone looking for easy alternatives to nasopharyngeal swab, our study shows how the adoption of saliva as specimen for COVID-19 testing can decrease the strain on health care resources. For the current nasopharyngeal swab, staff need to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) when taking the samples from the patients. With saliva the patients collect their own samples, therefore PPE resources can be freed up for use elsewhere,” she said.

Professor Alawi Alsheikh-Ali, provost and dean of the College of Medicine, said that the findings would provide a boost to the scientific community and would encourage more studies into ways to develop scalable methods of effectively combating the virus.

Dr Hamda Hassan Khansaheb, head of the Research Section, Medical Education and Research Department, DHA, said: “At [DHA] we support and encourage collaborative studies with public, private and academic institutions to enhance the research culture, improve research skills among researchers and medical staff, and exchange knowledge.

This study to investigate the effectiveness of saliva in diagnosing COVID-19 was carried out jointly between the Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences and the Al Khawaneej Health Centre, which is currently serving as a testing Centre for COVID-19, where saliva samples was taken from patients along with the nasopharyngeal swab, in addition to recording patient data through the Salama electronic medical record application to study any other factors related to the disease.”